一、.mk介绍
Android.mk是Android提供的一种makefile文件,用来指定诸如编译生成so库名、引用的头文件目录、需要编译的.c/.cpp文件和.a静态库文件等。要掌握jni,就必须熟练掌握Android.mk的语法规范。
它的基本格式如下:
- LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
- include $(CLEAR_VARS)
- ................
- LOCAL_xxx := xxx
- LOCAL_MODULE := hello-jni
- LOCAL_SRC_FILES := hello-jni.c
- LOCAL_xxx := xxx
- ................
- include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
LOCAL_PATH变量制定了该.mk的路径,$(call my-dir)调用NDK内部的函数获得当前.mk文件的路径
include $(CLEAR_VARS)清空了除了LOCAL_PATH之外的所有LOCAL_xxx变量的值
省略号中间就是对于模块参数的设置,主要包括:模块名字、模块源文件、模块类型、编译好的模块存放位置、以及编译的平台等
include $(BUILD_xxx_xxx)执行NDK的默认脚本,它会收集include $(CLEAR_VARS)脚本后所有定义的LOCAL_xxx变量,然后根据它们来生成模块。
二、Android.mk语法详解
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir) 每个Android.mk文件必须以定义LOCAL_PATH为开始。它用于在开发tree中查找源文件。宏my-dir 则由Build System提供。返回包含Android.mk的目录路径。
include $(CLEAR_VARS) CLEAR_VARS 变量由Build System提供。并指向一个指定的GNU Makefile,由它负责清理很多LOCAL_xxx. 例如:LOCAL_MODULE, LOCAL_SRC_FILES, LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES等等。但不清理LOCAL_PATH. 这个清理动作是必须的,因为所有的编译控制文件由同一个GNU Make解析和执行,其变量是全局的。所以清理后才能避免相互影响。
LOCAL_MODULE := hello-jni
LOCAL_MODULE模块必须定义,以表示Android.mk中的每一个模块。名字必须唯一且不包含空格。Build System会自动添加适当的前缀和后缀。例如,foo,要产生动态库,则生成libfoo.so. 但请注意:如果模块名被定为:libfoo.则生成libfoo.so. 不再加前缀
LOCAL_MODULE_PATH :=$(TARGET_ROOT_OUT) 指定最后生成的模块的目标地址
TARGET_ROOT_OUT:根文件系统,路径为out/target/product/generic/root
TARGET_OUT:system文件系统,路径为out/target/product/generic/system
TARGET_OUT_DATA:data文件系统,路径为out/target/product/generic/data
除了上面的这些,NDK还提供了很多其他的TARGET_XXX_XXX变量,用于将生成的模块拷贝到输出目录的不同路径
默认是TARGET_OUT
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := hello-jni.c
LOCAL_SRC_FILES变量必须包含将要打包如模块的C/C++ 源码。不必列出头文件,build System 会自动帮我们找出依赖文件。缺省的C++源码的扩展名为.cpp. 也可以修改,通过LOCAL_CPP_EXTENSION
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY) BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY:是Build System提供的一个变量,指向一个GNU Makefile Script。 它负责收集自从上次调用 include $(CLEAR_VARS) 后的所有LOCAL_XXX信息。并决定编译为什么。
BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY :编译为静态库。
BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY :编译为动态库 BUILD_EXECUTABLE :编译为Native C可执行程序BUILD_PREBUILT :该模块已经预先编译
NDK还定义了很多其他的BUILD_XXX_XXX变量,它们用来指定模块的生成方式。
三、使用示例
- #编译静态库
- LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
- include $(CLEAR_VARS)
- LOCAL_MODULE = libhellos
- LOCAL_CFLAGS = $(L_CFLAGS)
- LOCAL_SRC_FILES = hellos.c
- LOCAL_C_INCLUDES = $(INCLUDES)
- LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libcutils
- LOCAL_COPY_HEADERS_TO := libhellos
- LOCAL_COPY_HEADERS := hellos.h
- include $(BUILD_STATIC_LIBRARY)
- #编译动态库
- LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
- include $(CLEAR_VARS)
- LOCAL_MODULE = libhellod
- LOCAL_CFLAGS = $(L_CFLAGS)
- LOCAL_SRC_FILES = hellod.c
- LOCAL_C_INCLUDES = $(INCLUDES)
- LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libcutils
- LOCAL_COPY_HEADERS_TO := libhellod
- LOCAL_COPY_HEADERS := hellod.h
- include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
- #使用静态库
- LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
- include $(CLEAR_VARS)
- LOCAL_MODULE := hellos
- LOCAL_STATIC_LIBRARIES := libhellos
- LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES :=
- LOCAL_LDLIBS += -ldl
- LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(L_CFLAGS)
- LOCAL_SRC_FILES := mains.c
- LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(INCLUDES)
- include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
- #使用动态库
- LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
- include $(CLEAR_VARS)
- LOCAL_MODULE := hellod
- LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := debug
- LOCAL_SHARED_LIBRARIES := libc libcutils libhellod
- LOCAL_LDLIBS += -ldl
- LOCAL_CFLAGS := $(L_CFLAGS)
- LOCAL_SRC_FILES := maind.c
- LOCAL_C_INCLUDES := $(INCLUDES)
- include $(BUILD_EXECUTABLE)
- #拷贝文件到指定目录
- LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
- include $(CLEAR_VARS)
- LOCAL_MODULE := bt_vendor.conf
- LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC
- LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT)/etc/bluetooth
- LOCAL_MODULE_TAGS := eng
- LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)
- include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
- #拷贝动态库到指定目录
- LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
- include $(CLEAR_VARS)
- #the data or lib you want to copy
- LOCAL_MODULE := libxxx.so
- LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := SHARED_LIBRARIES
- LOCAL_MODULE_PATH := $(ANDROID_OUT_SHARED_LIBRARIES)
- LOCAL_SRC_FILES := lib/$(LOCAL_MODULE )
- OVERRIDE_BUILD_MODULE_PATH := $(TARGET_OUT_INTERMEDIATE_LIBRARIES)
- include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)
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